How Does Salt Preserve Food

Salt draws water out of cells via the process of osmosis. Essentially, water moves across a cell membrane to try to equalize the salinity or concentration of salt on both sides of the membrane. If you add enough salt, too much water will be removed from a cell for it to stay alive or reproduce. A high concentration of salt kills organisms that decay food and cause disease. A concentration of 20% salt will kill bacteria. Lower concentrations inhibit microbial growth until you get down to the salinity of the cells, which may have the opposite and undesirable effect of providing ideal growing conditions. Other Chemical Preservatives Table salt or sodium chloride is a common preservative because it is non-toxic, inexpensive, and tastes good. However, other types of salt also work to preserve food, including other chlorides, nitrates, and phosphates. Another common preservative that works by affecting osmotic pressure is sugar. Salt and Fermentation Some products are preserved using fermentation. Salt may be used to regulate and aid this process. Here, salt dehydrates the growing medium and acts to maintain fluids in the yeast or mold growing environment. Uniodized salt, free from anti-caking agents, is used for this type of preservation.

Banskys Street Art - 1886 Words

Street art is a form of public art that makes use of urban space, usually unsanctioned and in defiance of typical art values. Although illegal in nature, street art has become increasingly popular within the past decade, with the spotlight focused on anonymous graffiti artist, Banksy. His unique stenciling style creates powerful subversive images incorporated into the urban landscape. His art provokes thought about the content, context and authenticity in regards to both his work and the art world entirely. Street art functions as art for the public, meaning it can be enjoyed by the masses as opposed to just those who make an effort to go to a gallery. This direct interaction with the public is effective particularly because people’s habits have become modified throughout the age of mechanical reproduction, as explained by Walter Benjamin. â€Å"Every day the urge grows stronger to get hold of an object at very close range by way of its likeness, its reproduction† (Benjamin). The instant a new Banksy piece is discovered, the Internet is bombarded with pictures, opinions and the location of the new art. Through pictures the viewer is still able to evaluate the content, but the context and the aura of the original are destroyed. A picture of street art is exactly that, a picture, but street art is an experience that can only have full impact when seen in person. Unfortunately the existence of new street art can be brief and is often defaced by other vandals. In this case, aS how MoreRelatedBanksy797 Words   |  4 Pagesborn in Bristol, but what we do know Banksy is an anonymous England based graffiti artist, film director and painter. He is known for his sarcastic street art and subversive fun combine cheekiness with dark humor with graffiti done in a distinctive stenciling technique. Such artistic works of political and social commentary have been featured on streets, walls, and bridges of cities throughout the world. Banksys work was born out of the Bristol underground scene which involved teamwork between artistsRead MoreThe Subculture Of Street Art1407 Words   |  6 PagesThe Subculture of Street Art In today’s society street art has managed to reach every country worldwide. In the film â€Å"Exit Through The Gift Shop† a film by a street artist named Banksy that tells the story about Thierry Guetta a French man who lives in Los Angles that falls in love with the subculture and films the life known as graffiti or to some people that love it, it is known as street art. Thierry shows the different artist and ways he explains how the subculture of street art is taking overRead MoreInnate Ideas Essay1444 Words   |  6 Pagesproduce art, which is also open to based on a matter of opinion. Beauty is in the eye of the beholder; this is especially true for the world of art. For instance, look at the work of Jackson Pollock, his work consist of what seems to be just paint splatters but the chaotic design of these paint splatters possess the power to move the viewer. This is why anything can be considered art if it has some type of emotion associated with it. Which is why t hings like sports or dance can be considered art they

Research Proposal Changing Consumers Perception

Question: Discuss about the Research Proposal for Changing Consumers Perception. Answer: Introduction The success of the retail business is completely customer-driver. It is indeed challenging to keep maintain the competitive advantages in the market because consumer preferences are keep challenging with times. There are many internal pressures in the industry of fast food restaurant and cafes including KFC, McDonald and so on. To capture the maximum consumer demand KFC invented own secret recipe of Sander (Recipe with spices and ranges of 11 herbs). By the introduction of serving fried chicken in the Bucket system, the company has gradually increased their popularity among global audiences. The main competitive advantages of the company are the high standard supply chain and the system of the distribution. However aggressive expansion by foreign rivals increasing the eating options for consumers (Paulsen, Rogns and Hersleth 2015). Evidence suggests immense changing preferential food habits of consumers in the fast food restaurant and caf industry. For instance, KFC, being the subsid iary company of YUM was decided to be sold by the parent company to reduce the operational loss of the YUM. Despite working hard to create irresistible taste and experiences that delight consumers time, KFC faced many religious conflicts and thus results restricted consumption of the products of company at times. Therefore, changing patterns of consumer choice in terms of KFCs fast food products requires to be evaluated and analyzed being chosen as the research topic foe this proposal. Based on this research topic, the researcher will design the entire research process by formulating the research aim, objectives, and research questions. After developing the aim and objectives of the research, the researcher will discuss the literature review where recent journals, case studies, articles regarding the KFCs struggle, competitive challenges and fights for sustainability over the years will be discussed. However, the evolving fast food consumption patterns is the core essence of the reviewing the literature (Manning 2015). Based on the literature the researcher will chose which tools, approaches, techniques would be suitable for getting the desired results in the methodology section. Research Aim and Objectives The aim of the research is to analyze the changing patterns and the reactions towards the intake of KFC. By aiming at this, the researcher is set out the objectives of the research which are as follows: To evaluate the frequency of changing patterns of the food consumption demand of consumers all over the world To discuss the changing fast food habits regarding the intake of KFC To examine the biggest challenges which turmoil the brands position in India and around the world To discuss the cultural perception and reactions and its impacts of business management and marketing strategies of KFC while doing the business all over the world. Background and Literature Review Several impressive growths of the developing countries over the past two decades ensure the par capital growth incomes in the hands of most of the global consumers who prefer to eat fast foods in their daily life (Manning 2015). However, the researcher noticed that the share of consumer spending on food has recently declined despite countries maintained consistency with the overall economic growth. It indicates that the fast food business has rapidly changing with the different perceptions of consumers. Nowadays consumers have become choosy. To manufacture the ranges of products with flavoring new and presenting differently are the ongoing challenges for fast food restaurants and cafes such as MacDonald and KFC. This company is the second largest fast food chain has successfully operated more than 18000 stores around 115-118 countries around the world. To maintain the competitive advantages, the company introduced the new recipes such as Sander which is the unique blend of eleven her bs. Furthermore the company introduced a new trend of serving the fried chicken in the cardboard Bucket. The company has successfully defeating all the competitions coming from the other rival companies in different nations and has ensured huge average annual sales of approximately to 1.2 million dollar in 2013. However, the company experienced a huge setback in 2015, when YUM was all set to sale KFC business in India due to failed to gain any profit after made many efforts by the management. The company was observed that consumers suddenly have been cut down their budget on discretionary spending. On the other hand, despite the second dominating position of KFCs in the world-wide fast food industry, it encountered fierce cultural obstruction in many countries such as China, India and other Muslim nations (Paulsen, Rogns and Hersleth 2015). Firstly, this has happened in China. Being an ancient country with a long-established history and unique oriental culture, this foreign company was being criticized for their patterns of adaptation and the way Chinese customer perceived their products (Hugstad and Durr 2015). Thus the company was caught by many authors attention due to cultural differences in the Chinese market. In the recent times, Kentucky Fried Chicken have been faced strange cultural consequences and criticized the company for slaughtering millions of under processed chicken in a dreadful way, which is considered unlawful in many Muslim countries and India where there are huge populations exists from Muslim communities. The same situation was faced by this American company in other Islamic countries. Being recognized as the western food chains in many Arab and Asian countries, KFC restaurants have been stormed, bombed and burned down in fits of anti-American rage or terrorism over the past decade. The company has become a topic of debates over encroachment of non-traditional values. There were many scholar article published cited concerns that the resta urant was another sign that the United States is trying to gain cultural influences over Iran. These results, KFC are still banned in Iran under orders from the higher authorities of the country. Later the company received request from an Islamic Imam to have Islam-approved meat served in their chain but this American food chain company refused these offer in Hong-Kong for the first time (Hugstad and Durr 2015). In this way, the cultural influences changed the human perceptions and demand of food consumption and KFC faced this managerial problem by many years. Now the company is mainly concerned about the security issues to function in the global market. Though there is a huge cultural difference of Western and Asian, new generation people of India hugely appreciates the secrets of crispy chicken (Paulsen, Rogns and Hersleth 2015). Due to economic liberalization policy of the government of India, KFC initially has received permission to open 30 new outlets across the country. The co mpany has become popular due to having substantial upper middle class families with the trend of families eating out in most of the major cities. However, KFC faced severe protests by People for Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA). This regulatory body even released a video tape showing the brutal treatment in poultry firms of KFC. This hampered the year end sale of the company during the phase of nineties. Despite the company faced many cultural constraints in India, the company planned a massive expansion program in India considering the values and beliefs of Indian culture. Gap of the literature: The managerial issues and problems are difficult to measure for the researcher because all such data are confidential and non-accessible for the third party. On the other hand, depending only on the published data and journals regarding such issues may not give the authentic outcomes of the literature. Research questions: The researcher will address specific at the end of the research study by addressing the following research questions: What is the significance of different cultural perspectives in term of selling products of KFC? How does changing preferences of consumer impacts on business management and marketing strategies of KFC? What are the challenges faced by the organization while selling products in India? How would KFC stand for new prominence in India and around the world? How does the fast food brand deal with the aggressive entry of foreign rivals in the market? Research Process A progressive research must maintain a structure and procedure which comprises some typical research process in form of following stages: With the expectation that the chosen research topic holds the relevance, the researcher selects the research area in the first stage. To discuss the research topic in more descriptive manner, the researcher will formulate the research aim, objectives and significant question which address the problem statement of the research clearly. In that context, the researcher will select the appropriateness between the formulation of the research questions and the development of the hypothesis. This stage is vital because the following stage of methodology is completely depends on research aim and objectives or hypothesis. In the third stage, the research will conduct comprehensive reviews of the literature. Here the researcher will form an opinion after the studying different perspectives and approaches of the changing consumer perceptions in order to intake the food consumptions because consumers has become choosy due to an impressive economic growth over the last two decades in most of the developing countries including India. In the next stage, the researcher will select the specific data collection method on the basis of critically evaluating suitability or non-suitability associated with several alternative data collection methods. After gathering all data and relevant information, the researcher will be preceded by the great level of preparation for the successful completion of data collection method. Data will critically examine in the section of data analysis for the observations of research aim and objectives. Based on the outcome of the research, the researcher will reach at conclusion stage where the researcher will justify what the study has achieved in the due course. Following all of the stages above, the researcher will organize the entire research study and close the research procedure within a specified time frame. Methodology of the Research: Research methodology gives researcher a framework for conduct the research systematically (Yin et al. 2016). By the use of various tools and techniques, the researcher will conduct this research. To identify the evolving issues related to changing perceptions of consumers and impacts of disgraceful cultural understanding against the intake of KFC in India or particularly other Muslim countries, the company needs to choose a suitable research design. The purpose of the research design is to explore the specific aspects of the research area. The researcher may chose three types of research design: Descriptive, Exploratory and Explanatory. Descriptive research design provides the additional information about the research topic. In this approach, the researcher collects information instead of making guesses or elaborate models to predict the future. On the other hand, Exploratory research design describes as the initial research into hypothetical or theoretical ideas. Here the researcher forms an observation about the research topic. Furthermore, Explanatory research design, is described as an attempt to connect ideas to understand the different consequences of the research. For this research, the researcher will follow the descriptive research design. By the approaching these research design the company will gain an in-depth understanding of the topic of the research. In this section the researcher will also decide the suitable approach of collecting such data and information which are essential to conduct such research. Here the primary and secondary both data collection methods will be used. The secondary data research is required for conducting the extensive literature about the chosen topic. Here sources of data will explore different articles, journals, books about the behavior and patterns of consumers regarding the changing perceptions of eating fast food habits will be discussed. On the other hand, the primary research consists of a collection of original primary data collected by the researcher. It is often undertaken after the researcher has gained some insight into the concerned issue by the analyzing of the secondary research (Smith 2015). Here the researcher will explore both qualitative and quantitative data for getting the best research outcomes related to the topic. Moreover, the researcher will select the sample for getting the st atistical data for the chosen respondents (Palinkas et al. 2015). In this research, people from the age group of 18-50 years of different religions will be selected for participating respondent because ranges of ages consumed goods with various choices. Data collection and research For conducting the research, the best research design needs to explore the sufficient amount of data which needs to collect from different sources (O'Leary 2013). According to Pickard (2012), the adequate data helps to explore different perspectives of the concerned issue. As per the research methodology, the researcher will explain both primary and secondary data for presenting the better analysis of the topic of the topic of the research. The secondary sources will help to understand the cultural perspective and patterns of intake of KFC. For gathering primary data, different region people of the age group of 18-50 years who may be a consumer or not interested to intake KFC foods. Therefore, the researcher will get the variable responses. By conducting the survey, the researcher has chosen Dandenongs KFC considering the best location because it is situated at the centre of Melbourne City. Generally people of this area are come for dinner and they are from the different language and diverse cultural background. This is a method of quantitative data analysis where personal observations are collected and critically analyzed (Tayur, Ganeshan and Magazine 2012). On the other hand, the face-to-face interviews will be conducted under the qualitative data analysis section. The managerial people of different locations of KFC will participate in the discussion regarding the changing food intake habit of the global audiences. Furthermore, the cultural factors indulge brutality slaughtering of chicken for making the processed chicken recipes of KFC raised many issues against the companys operation. Therefore, the managerial people of the concerned company are the best people to share their responses regarding this sensitive issue. This is a qualitative data analysis where methods of enquiry employed in many of academic disciplines (Silverman 2016). In this way, the research will analyze both qualitative and quantitative data through the process of primary data collection method. Gantt Chart: Expected research outcome: By the successful completion of this research, the concerned company, KFC will get to know about the consumers perceptions and theoretical thinking about the products of the company. Based on such results, the management of the American based company will anticipate the future sales. This research may help to recover the issues which may responsible for decreased product demand in the India and Other Muslim countries. Conclusion with assumed contribution of the research: The researcher may hope that this research will provide a clear perspective about the different cultural values, beliefs, norms and a particular food consumption habits as well. This will help to understand the changing consumers trends and perceptions regarding the intake of fast food consumption. This will definitely contribute in companys sustainability in the foreign market. References: Hugstad, P.S. and Durr, M., 2015. A study of country of manufacturer impact on consumer perceptions. In Proceedings of the 1986 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference (pp. 115-119). Springer International Publishing. Manning, L., 2015. Determining value in the food supply chain. British Food Journal, 117(11), pp.2649-2663. O'Leary, Z., 2013. The essential guide to doing your research project. Sage. Palinkas, L.A., Horwitz, S.M., Green, C.A., Wisdom, J.P., Duan, N. and Hoagwood, K., 2015. Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 42(5), pp.533-544. Paulsen, M.T., Rogns, G.H. and Hersleth, M., 2015. Consumer perception of foodbeverage pairings: the influence of unity in variety and balance. International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science, 2(2), pp.83-92. Pickard, A., 2012. Research methods in information. Facet publishing. Silverman, D. ed., 2016. Qualitative research. Sage. Smith, J.A. ed., 2015. Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods. Sage. Tayur, S., Ganeshan, R. and Magazine, M. eds., 2012.Quantitative models for supply chain management(Vol. 17). Springer Science Business Media. Yin, Z., Valdez, A., Mata Jr, A.G. and Kaplan, C., 2016. Developing a field-intensive methodology for generating a randomized sample for gang research. Free Inquiry in Creative Sociology, 28(1), pp.81-90.

Billion Spent on Training and Development

Questions: Required to present information about the home and host countries of your allocated company based on your desk/secondary research of both countries. This should include collecting data on the following issues: 1. The major national cultural and institutional characteristics of both parent and host countries. 2. Human Resource Management (HRM) and other employee-related values and practices (e.g. performance oriented; participative leadership style, etc..) of both home and host countries. Answers: Introduction In this era where there is a lot of cut throat competition in International Market, acquisitions and mergers have to be done carefully. Culture-focused for understanding culture is too necessary (Mooij M. and Hofstede G., 2010). All of this requires a great extensive research on all the parameters that of major national cultural and institutional characteristics along with the HRM practices. The business and trade between China and USA has been emerging fast and the various negotiations on businesses have been frequent thus here a comparison on the same for an American (USA) telecommunication company taking over a firm in China. With GLOBE Model (Venaik S. and Brewer, P. A., 2008) and Hofstede Model (Hofstedes (1980, 1984)) in consideration, this research has been carried out so that a company which belongs to telecommunication sector in US can actually get to know the business culture of China. (Hofstede G. 1984) (Hofstede G. 1980) Comparing America and China on national cultural and institutional characteristics and various HR practices (Venaik S. and Brewer, P. A. 2008) GLOBE MODEL: (The GLOBE Study 2004) GLOBE is a long-term study effort designed to explore the complex nature and effects of culture on leadership, effectiveness of the organization etc. along with the condition of human resource involved (House et al., 2004) and also in international business. (Fredrie W. Rohm Jr., 2010). HOFSTEDE MODEL: Geert Hofstede has explored every kind of cultural dimension in more than 70 companies of IBM. The survey which was conducted twice around 1968 and around 1972 developed a model that identifies five primary Dimensions: Power Distance (PDI), Individualism (IDV), Masculinity (MAS), and Uncertainty Avoidance (UAI), Long-Term Orientation (LTO). Neo- liberalism V/s Marxist Here the home country i.e., the U.S.A is Neo- liberalism. Whereas China is Socialist and Marxist. (Cyert R., and March J. 1963) Neoliberal theory asserts that a largely free capitalist system not only symbolizes the model of free individual choice but also achieves best economic performance in terms of competence, economic growth, technical development, and organizational justice. Here U.S.A. being the neo- liberalist country has always achieves the best performance as far as the economic growth is concerned. In countries such as China, many experiments are happening with forms of enterprises and many involve significant degrees of worker involvement and self-governance. Thus here if we see in order to make sure that the country progresses, China makes sure that the work gets done by equal participation from the workers. (Schweickart, D. 2002) Approaches to Relationships (In group collectivism, power distance index, institutional collectivism) In America, the colleagues may rarely go to clubs together and attend the office party in order to know each other personally. And more in detail it can be said that Americans dont essentially mix, or want to socialize with their people at work outside work. Generally people keep their personal and professional lives different. (Hofstede G 1982) On the other hand, Chinese people are most satisfied with trust and thus try to foster the same. They try knowing personally the people they work with. In the Chinese culture, trust is crucial in building the confidence needed in business partners. Moreover knowing about your business partner in details and following the business etiquettes is quite necessary because endowing now in the guanxi can actually pay big business bonuses later. (Venaik S. and Brewer, P. A. 2008) Moving at Different Paces (Performance Orientation, Human Orientation, Future Orientation) Americans put a premium on being efficient, frank and getting things done quickly. In Chinese culture, its very difficult to manage with the slow place they work at. (Lewis, R. 2014) Perceptions of Hierarchy (Gender Egalitarianism) Chinese have a solider respect for hierarchy and etiquette than Americans. But when Chinese have Americans working at higher positions, they show respect irrespective of gender. (Owens, C.W. 2007) Comparison of Business Culture: China vs. US Business culture - time-tested and conservative practices China and US have a different business culture -- result of different history and practices they have had (Fredrie W. Rohm Jr. 2010) Notion of Harmony China (Masculinity) Everything is in harmony and change is viewed as troublesome because of the population they have US (Masculinity) Efficiency and effectiveness is must and end result is the main important thing Logical reasoning on facts (Hofstede G., and Hofstede G.J. 2005) Individualism and Collectivism China always has four important social groups: relatives, schoolmates, personal friends. There is a lot of importance of guanxi (connection). Also privacy is not highly valued and individualism is not singled out US constitution guarantees the rights and thus a great stress on individualism for personal achievement and thus more towards individualism in the Hofstedes Model. Relatively few norms. In US its generally separate personal and business relationship and friendship can be formed and melted quickly. (Mooij M., and Hofstede G. 2010) Communication Style China has a reflection to silence and this not to exaggerate which has direct implications on marketing of a product in that country. In US, there is an uncomfortable style with gaps of silence. Moreover there is a lot of exaggeration. Thus so has to be the way of marketing. (Pitta D. 1999) HRM Practices: In this world where there is a lot of change in the International market, thus a lot has been changed when it comes down to hiring people and working for the corporates in the International market. (McCrae R. R., Terracciano A., Realo A., and Allik J. 2008) Selection of employees: In USA, employers tend to use personal interviews more for selection. The personnel selection procedures in US starts with individuals capability and technical precondition for the job they are doing selection. Thereafter work experience plays an important role. In China employers give importance to test scores and are the top criteria of assessment in the selection processes. (Thomas, S. Scroggins, W. 2008) Performance Appraisal/ Orientation: The USAs outlook is quite individualistic here and result oriented and thus employees productivity is quite important. For example, employers in America tend to rank pay for appraising performance. In China on the other hand this technique is too trivial as the Chinese managers place greater importance on ethical characteristics, loyalty and obedience. Thus this leads to low amount of feedback in the same. (Gao, G. 2015) Training and Development: In USA, training expenditures per employee amount to a great amount where as in other countries is not that substantial. (ATD Staff 2013) US organizations assign longer duration of hours in training per year in comparison to the ones in China. Corporate Governance: U.S.A. - the outsider system of corporate governance is considered by wide dispersed ownership. Here only the shareholders value is the main goal. (Kkl, A.2008) By 2000, of the key pillars in the U.S.A. outsider model of corporate governance were okay and predictable and it was a benchmark for good practices. Shareholder engagement would be completed by all the institutional stockholders. (Jackson, G. 2010) China- Outsider where shareholders are considered mainly. China has always been celebrating hard work and achievements. To succeed in China, the companies has to really work hard because they face a lot competition from the domestic market and to reach at the top.And in the long run shareholders value is kept in the loop. (Jackson, E 2011) Compensation: With balance sheet approach in US, this will be mostly covering all the premiums, hardship allowances and protects them from various cost differences. In China, the compensation gives a lot of security to the employees as compared with the one in USA. As in China it works on carrying out various calculations as per the varying compensations. Like with the result of inflation, variations in the prices. (Conyon He 2011) HR Culture: Time is money for people in US and thus they have the people deemed to encourage risk taking behavior. Also the decisions related to business are taken in high speed. In China, here is low individualism and high collectivism and a tendency towards group orientation thus the team will always be working in teams. U.S. managers are task-oriented, rather than boss-oriented. To the Chinese hierarchal position is quite important. U.S. employees need cultural training to understand the significance of the cultural differences so they can adapt themselves accordingly. (Cheng Seeger 2012) Conclusion Hofstede Culture Model and GLOBE In both GLOBE Model and Hofstede Model, China has a higher score than US in Long term orientation. Also China is a collectivist and US is more on individualism. Thus here we can talk about legal obligations in a country like China whereas its easy in US. When critically assessing the HRM systems in USA due to indifferences in culture. Thus its evident to say that the employees perceptions about the culture and HR is quite different and thus before entering into the business, everything should be taken into consideration. There is a lot of difference in terms of every kind of practice in terms of business and lot has been changed in the past few years reading the way business is done. Thus as a consultant to the USA telecommunications company, I would say its possible to do business in China only if its done in the way they like it. Because the home country has to also abide by the rules of host country. References ATD Staff.2013.$164.2 Billion Spent on Training and Development by U.S. Companies Conyon, M. He, L. 2011. Executive Compensation and Corporate Governance in China. Centers, Institutes, Programs at DigitalCommon Cheng, S. Seeger, M. 2012. Cultural Differences and Communication Issues in International Mergers and Acquisitions: A Case Study of BenQ Debacle. International Journal of Business and Social Science Cyert R., and March J. 1963. A behavioral theory of the firm. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Fredrie W. Rohm Jr. 2010. American and Arab Cultural Lenses. Inner Resources for Leaders, School of Global Leadership Entrepreneurship, Regent University, Virginia Beach. Gao, G. 2015. How do Americans stand out from the rest of the world? Hofstede G (1982)Cultures consequences. Sociology, 1982, 9(2), 556 Hofstede G. 1980 Cultures consequences: Institutional Differences in Work-Related Values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. Hofstede G. 1984. Cultures consequences: Institutional Differences in Work-Related Values. Abridged Edition. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. Hofstede G. 2001. Cultures consequences (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Hofstede G., and Hofstede G.J. 2005. Cultures and Organizations. Software of the Mind (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. Hofstede G.2010. The GLOBE debate: Back to relevance. Journal of International Business Studies, 41,13391346. Kkl, A.2008. Corporate Governance Systems: Shareholders Versus Stakeholders Viewed on 28 February 2016 https://www.internationallawoffice.com/Newsletters/Company-Commercial/Turkey/Bener-Law-Office/Corporate-Governance-Systems-Shareholders-Versus-Stakeholders Lewis, R. 2014.How Different Cultures Understand Time. Business Insider. Viewed on 1 March 2016 https://www.businessinsider.com/how-different-cultures-understand-time-2014-5?IR=T Jackson, G.2010.Understanding Corporate Governance in the United States. Arbeitspapier 223 Jackson, E. 2011. Why Corporate Governance is So Important to China. Forbes. Viewed on 1 March 2016 https://www.forbes.com/sites/ericjackson/2011/07/06/why-corporate-governance-is-so-important-to-china/#618ab0927581 Culture, Leadership, and Organizations. The GLOBE Study of 62 Societies. 2004. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. McCrae R. R., Terracciano A., Realo A., and Allik J. 2008. Interpreting GLOBE Societal Practices Scales. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 39, 805-810. Mooij M., and Hofstede G.2010. The Hofstede model Applications to global branding and advertising strategy and research. International Journal of Advertising, 29, 85-110. Owens, C.W. 2007. Hmong Cultural Profile. EthnoMed. Viewed on 1 March 2016 https://ethnomed.org/culture/hmong/hmong-cultural-profile Pitta D. 1999.Ethical issues across cultures: managing the differing perspectives of China and the USA. Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 16 No. 3 1999, Pp. 240-256 MCB University Press, 0736-3761 Schweickart, D.2002. Ten Theses on Marxism and the Transition to Communism Thomas, S. Scroggins, W. 2008. Psychological Testing in Personnel Selection: Contemporary Issues in Cognitive Ability and Personality Testing. Journal of Business Inquiry Venaik S. and Brewer, P. A. 2008. Contradictions in national culture: Hofstede vs GLOBE. In: Cantwell, J. and Kiyak, T.. 50th Annual Meeting of the Academy of International Business (AIB), 50, 274-274. Milan, Italy.

The Yalta Conference Essay Example For Students

The Yalta Conference Essay The Yalta Conference was one of the most important events in history, let alone, this century. It took place from February 4 to February 11, 1945, at Yalta, Crimea, a port/resort. The three main individuals at this meeting were Churchill of Great Britain, Roosevelt of the United States and Stalin of the U.S.S.R, known back then, and now known as Russia. This meeting was to discuss the post war effects. The publics opinion of this was of a great Anglo-American- Soviet friendship. The agreement that as achieved at the conference was that a Coalition government would be set up in Poland. This guaranteed free election in Poland. It also gave eastern Poland to the Soviet Union and in return, Poland would receive land from Germany. Germany on the other hand was divided into four zones which were Great Britain, United States, France, and the Soviet Union. Germany had to pay all reparations of the war but not to the extent of World War I. One other major decision made in the conference was t he creation of the United Nations. This was a new world organization which worked for world peace as did the League of Nations. Along with the Soviet Union, Byelorussia and the Ukraine were admitted into the United Nations. Since Russia had influence on there voting, the United States was given 3 votes to be equal with the Soviet Union. After the conference, American public opinion was very high and all of the Allied nations responded favorably. There were also secret agreements that were made but kept secret until the end of the war. It was said that the Soviet Union were to enter the war against Japan two to three months after the end of the war in Europe. This was necessary in order for The Soviet Union to regroup because of the heavy causalities in Europe. The Soviet Union had a great advantage in the secret agreement. It received much land and did not have to do much in the end for it because of the use of the atomic bomb which ended the war much earlier then expected and the S oviet Union did not even have to fight Japan. In the classroom simulation of the Yalta Conference, the same results were not reached. The Soviet Union was not able to get most of its demands because in the classroom, most of the student looked at communism was not looked at very favorably. There were three groups that represented the United States, the Soviet Union and Great Britain. Out of the three, no one reached the same decision actually made in the conference. Most of the groups did not want the Soviet Union to join the war against Japan. Many groups also thought that the borders should be returned to the pre-war boundaries but that did not happen in the actual conference. The Yalta conference was good for the Soviet Union because of the heavy reparations it received and also much land was given to the by the decisions made at the conference. Over all it was a good conference because it ended the war in Europe without much argument amongst the major powers in the war. Germany was spared and was only responsible for minimal amount of reparations and Poland received a government that would work. Others might say that Germany did not get a harsh enough punishment but if they received a harsher punishment, we might have another world war. The conference allowed the major world powers to keep peace within the world but prevent and future breakouts of major wars. By far the most important part of the conference was the creation of the United Nations which is still in existence today and plays a major roll in communication amongst the countries so that there will be world peace. .u955eba842f952cd7598a6290515a9e4c , .u955eba842f952cd7598a6290515a9e4c .postImageUrl , .u955eba842f952cd7598a6290515a9e4c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u955eba842f952cd7598a6290515a9e4c , .u955eba842f952cd7598a6290515a9e4c:hover , .u955eba842f952cd7598a6290515a9e4c:visited , .u955eba842f952cd7598a6290515a9e4c:active { border:0!important; } .u955eba842f952cd7598a6290515a9e4c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u955eba842f952cd7598a6290515a9e4c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u955eba842f952cd7598a6290515a9e4c:active , .u955eba842f952cd7598a6290515a9e4c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u955eba842f952cd7598a6290515a9e4c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u955eba842f952cd7598a6290515a9e4c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u955eba842f952cd7598a6290515a9e4c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u955eba842f952cd7598a6290515a9e4c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u955eba842f952cd7598a6290515a9e4c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u955eba842f952cd7598a6290515a9e4c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u955eba842f952cd7598a6290515a9e4c .u955eba842f952cd7598a6290515a9e4c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u955eba842f952cd7598a6290515a9e4c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Naked Sun Essay We will write a custom essay on The Yalta Conference specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now

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Application paper 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Application paper 1 - Essay Example Correspondingly, the fundamental features of the theory will be elaborated in this thesis, along with their application in the real life experiences. Criticisms of the theory will also be paid due significance in context to assess the applicability of the theory. DISCUSSION Key elements of the theory. SCT, as described by Griffin (247-250), is a universal theory within the broad framework that accounts for human communication. Precisely, SCT focuses on learning the sharing process of emotions and values in a small group, defining those as fantasies. The SCT communication is also used to observe the cohesiveness of a small group, wherein it is assumed that individuals will tend to dramatize their messages to a larger extent when confident in the group. Notably, communication is used to create a bond between small groups of people. The theory revolves around the emotions and fantasies of the people in a group wherein the conceptual framework of the theory attempts to analyze shared sym bolic meaning, which lies at the fantasy theme a person desires. The conversation begins with a fantasy of a person and continues with different opinions of the people in the group. SCT also helps to identify the symbolic reality that the member of the group shares through his/her conversation (Young, â€Å"Bormann's Symbolic Convergence Theory†). As argued by Griffin (247-250), SCT can be extremely useful to obtain critical understanding of the views and the thoughts of different persons in a group. SCT is principally based on the ideas of the member in a group who exchange their fantasies in order to formulate a cohesive group framework. The fantasies involve the emotion of the person supported by the group; it helps to understand the feeling and emotions of different individuals. Contextually, the fantasy chain can be considered as a positive response to the initial fantasy by the member of the group. It is in this context that symbolic convergence helps to form a cohesive bond and create a sense of togetherness in the group through the symbolic communication as described in SCT. The views and opinions of every individual are given emphasis based on the initial fantasy. Conceptually, SCT aids to recognize how the group associates, interacts and offers a way of inspecting small group culture. Also, this theory also makes it easier to understand who the active member is and is supporting the theme of the fantasy, building a fantasy chain (Young, â€Å"Bormann's Symbolic Convergence Theory†). A brief background of the situation. It was a normal working day when I, with my colleagues, was discussing about the upcoming salary hikes that were to be declared on the basis of our performances throughout the year. Undoubtedly, everyone in the group had great expectations and desires with the salary hike. In the middle of the conversation, one of my colleagues suddenly fantasized that with the aid of his increased salary and some help from loan facilitie s, he plans to purchase a duplex in one of the posh areas of the US within the next two years. This fantasy statement made the atmosphere in the work environment much informal, where the conversation was turning to a more comfortable level and